ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atomic structure covers a range of important concepts in understanding how atoms are organized and behave. Bohr's atomic theory explains that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels. The spectrum refers to the light emitted or absorbed when electrons move between these levels. Radioactivity involves the decay of unstable atomic nuclei, releasing radiation, while X-rays are a form of high-energy radiation often produced when inner electrons are knocked out. Quantum numbers define the properties and locations of electrons in an atom, determining the shape of orbitals where electrons are likely to be found. The rules of electronic configuration, such as the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule, dictate how electrons fill these orbitals, shaping the behavior and properties of atoms. Together, these topics form the foundation of atomic structure theory